Spot Wholesale Gcr15 Steel Excellent Wear Resistance - China

GCr15 steel (full name: "high carbon chromium bearing steel, " national standard designation: GB/T 18254) is a classic material with exceptional wear resistance in the industrial field.

Its superior wear resistance is not determined by a single factor, but is achieved through a combination of composition design, heat treatment processes, and microstructural optimization.

It is particularly well-suited for critical components such as bearings, rolls, and molds, which require extremely high wear resistance.

1 - Composition Design: High Carbon + Moderate Chromium Lays the Foundation for Wear Resistance

High Carbon (C: 0.95%-1.05%):

Carbon is a key element in forming the "hard phase" in steel.

High carbon content generates large amounts of chromium carbide (Cr₇C₃) and cementite (Fe₃C) after heat treatment.

These hard phases are extremely hard (Cr₇C₃ hardness is approximately 1100-1300 HV, Fe₃C approximately 800-1000 HV), far exceeding the hardness of most abrasive media (for example, the surface hardness of metal friction pairs is typically <60 HRC).

The hard phase, dispersed within the matrix, acts as a "skeleton, " directly resisting both cutting and adhesive wear during wear, minimizing surface material loss.

2 - Heat Treatment: Optimizing Microstructure and Maximizing Wear Resistance

The wear resistance of GCr15 is activated through a process of "spheroidizing annealing + quenching + low-temperature tempering.

" The resulting microstructure is a "tempered martensite matrix with evenly distributed fine carbides (Cr₇C₃ + Fe₃C).

" This structure offers two major advantages:

- High matrix hardness: The martensite formed after quenching can reach a hardness of 62-66 HRC.

After low-temperature tempering (150-200°C), the hardness decreases slightly to 58-62 HRC, but the matrix retains its exceptionally high strength, supporting the hard phase from dislodging.

If the matrix is ​​too soft, the hard phase can be easily "displaced" by the abrasive medium, exacerbating wear.

- Uniform carbide refinement: Spheroidizing annealing spheroidizes the original coarse carbides, which are further refined into fine particles of 1-3μm after quenching and evenly distributed within the martensite matrix.

This "fine-particle dispersion" structure maximizes hard phase coverage while avoiding stress concentration caused by coarse carbides (which can easily crack and cause surface spalling).

Summary

The excellent wear resistance of GCr15 steel is essentially the result of the synergistic effect of "high carbon and high chromium content → formation of high-hardness carbides", "precise heat treatment → optimization of the matrix and carbide structure", and "high purity control → reduction of wear weak points".

Its performance characteristics make it irreplaceable in "wear-resistant + high-load" operating conditions.

It has become the global "standard wear-resistant steel" in the bearing industry, and to date, no more cost-effective material can fully replace it.

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• Posted By: Dongguan Songshun Mould Steel Co., Ltd.

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• Business Description: Established in 2009,Songshun Steel supplies a wide range of carbon, alloy and tool steel products, including high speed tool steel, cold work tool steel, hot work tool steel, plastic mould steel, engineering steel and machine structural steel etc.
  
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