T20503 Steel Heat Treatment Technology And Processes - China

T20503 steel, also known as Cr5Mo1V cold work die steel (equivalent to A2), typically undergoes the following heat treatment process: post-forging annealing → machining → two preheating cycles → high-temperature quenching (air cooling or oil cooling) → 1–2 tempering cycles.

This process yields a combination of high hardness and good toughness.

Forging and Annealing Processes ### Forging - Steel Ingot: T20503 steel is heated to 1100–1150 ℃, with initial forging at 1050–1100 ℃ and final forging at 850–900 ℃.

Cooling methods include high-temperature annealing, pit cooling, or sand cooling.

- Steel Billet: Heated to 1050–1100 ℃, with initial forging at 1000–1050 ℃ and final forging at 850–900 ℃.

Slow cooling, such as pit cooling or sand cooling, is used to prevent cracking and excessive structural stress.

Annealing (Preparatory Heat Treatment) - General Annealing - Isothermal Annealing Quenching Process Key Points Preheating Regime - For T20503 steel, two-stage preheating can reduce thermal stress and cracking tendency: - First preheating: 300–400 ℃; Second preheating: 800–850 ℃.

Recommended Quenching Scheme - Scheme I: - Preheating: 300–400 ℃ → 800–850 ℃; - Austenitizing (quenching) temperature: 940–960 ℃; - Cooling: Air cooling or oil cooling; - Hardness: Approximately 62–63 HRC, suitable for molds with strict deformation requirements.

- Option II: - Preheating: 300–400 ℃ → 800–850 ℃; - Austenitizing temperature: 980–1010 ℃; - Cooling: Air cooling or oil cooling; - Hardness: Approximately 62–65 HRC, achieving higher hardness and wear resistance, but deformation and cracking risks should be controlled.

Tempering Process and Performance

Recommended Tempering Regime - Quenching via Option I: - Low-temperature tempering: 180–220 ℃, 1 tempering cycle, hardness 60–64 HRC, suitable for molds requiring high hardness and wear resistance but with low impact loads.

- Quenching via Option II: - Secondary medium-temperature tempering: 510–520 ℃, 2 tempering cycles, hardness 57–60 HRC, better overall toughness, suitable for conditions with high impact and alternating loads.

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